Warning: Please use a different web-browser!. Currently users are reporting some versions of Internet explorer have problems using our website, please use Firefox, Chrome, Edge, Opera or any other moden webbrowser.

COWLING (MODEL L)
Suzuki - GSX600F (E28) Katana - 1988

Produced from 1988 to 1996
Chassis:
Area:
Short name:
Variants:
COWLING (MODEL L)
COWLING (MODEL L)
Drag image to pan
01 Product image: Suzuki - 94510-19C00 - DISCONTINUED
Option:
DISCONTINUED
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94510-19C00 SKU: 03-94510-19C00 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 94510-20C20 SKU: 03-94510-20C20

- -

02 Product image: Suzuki - 01517-08205 - BOLT
Option:
BOLT
2.18 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 01517-08205 SKU: 03-01517-08205 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 01550-0820A SKU: 03-01550-0820A

Warehouse 1-3 days.

03 Product image: Suzuki - 01517-06125 - BOLT 6X12
Option:
BOLT 6X12
1.79 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 01517-06125 SKU: 03-01517-06125 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 01550-0612A SKU: 03-01550-0612A

Warehouse 1-3 days.

04 Product image: Suzuki - 02142-06127 - SCREW 6X12
Option:
SCREW 6X12
1.61 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 02142-06127 SKU: 03-02142-06127

Warehouse 1-4 days.

05 Product image: Suzuki - 94520-19C00 - PLATE, METER
Option:
PLATE, METER
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94520-19C00 SKU: 03-94520-19C00

- -

06 Product image: Suzuki - 02142-06125 - SCREW 6X12
Option:
SCREW 6X12
1.54 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 02142-06125 SKU: 03-02142-06125 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 02142-0612B SKU: 03-02142-0612B

Warehouse 1-3 days.

07 Product image: Suzuki - 94420-19C00 - DISCONTINUED
Option:
DISCONTINUED
35.48 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94420-19C00 SKU: 03-94420-19C00 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 94420-19C02 SKU: 03-94420-19C02

Warehouse 1-4 days.

08 Product image: Suzuki - 94635-19C10 - DISCONTINUED
Option:
DISCONTINUED
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94635-19C10 SKU: 03-94635-19C10 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 94635-19C00 SKU: 03-94635-19C00

- -

09 Product image: Suzuki - 03541-05085 - SCREW  5X8
Option:
SCREW 5X8
1.91 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 03541-05085 SKU: 03-03541-05085 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 03541-0508B SKU: 03-03541-0508B

Warehouse 1-3 days.

10 Product image: Suzuki - 94527-19C00 - MOLDING, METER
Option:
MOLDING, METER
4.90 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94527-19C00 SKU: 03-94527-19C00

Warehouse 1-3 days.

11 Product image: Suzuki - 94426-19C00 - CUSHION, SPEEDOMETER
Option:
CUSHION, SPEEDOMETER
4.84 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94426-19C00 SKU: 03-94426-19C00 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 94426-19C01 SKU: 03-94426-19C01

Warehouse 1-3 days.

12 Product image: Suzuki - 94610-19C10 - WINDOW
Option:
WINDOW
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94610-19C10 SKU: 03-94610-19C10

- -

13 Product image: Suzuki - 94631-19C00 - DISCONTINUED
Option:
DISCONTINUED
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94631-19C00 SKU: 03-94631-19C00

- -

14 Product image: Suzuki - 94637-19C00 - CAP, END
Option:
CAP, END
3.47 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94637-19C00 SKU: 03-94637-19C00

Warehouse 1-3 days.

15 Product image: Suzuki - 09139-05022 - SCREW
Option:
SCREW
1.74 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09139-05022 SKU: 03-09139-05022 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 09139-05042 SKU: 03-09139-05042

Warehouse 1-4 days.

16 Product image: Suzuki - 09161-05010 - WASHER
Option:
WASHER
1.94 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09161-05010 SKU: 03-09161-05010

Warehouse 1-3 days.

17 Product image: Suzuki - 94460-19C00 - PLATE, CENTER
Option:
PLATE, CENTER
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94460-19C00 SKU: 03-94460-19C00

- -

18 Product image: Suzuki - 09136-06081 - SCREW 6X20
Option:
SCREW 6X20
2.12 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09136-06081 SKU: 03-09136-06081

Warehouse 1-4 days.

19 Product image: Suzuki - 09180-06167 - SPACER
Option:
SPACER
2.21 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09180-06167 SKU: 03-09180-06167 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 09180-06286 SKU: 03-09180-06286

Warehouse 1-3 days.

20 Product image: Suzuki - 09320-10015 - CUSHION
Option:
CUSHION
2.63 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09320-10015 SKU: 03-09320-10015

Warehouse 1-3 days.

21 Product image: Suzuki - 94638-19C00 - CUSHION, SCREEN
Option:
CUSHION, SCREEN
2.80 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94638-19C00 SKU: 03-94638-19C00 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 63191-25C00 SKU: 03-63191-25C00

Warehouse 1-3 days.

22 Product image: Suzuki - 94421-19C01-28V - PANEL,CENTER (RED)
Option:
PANEL,CENTER (RED)
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94421-19C01-28V SKU: 03-94421-19C01-28V Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 94421-19C00-000 SKU: 03-94421-19C00-000

- -

22 Product image: Suzuki - 94421-19C01-33J - PANEL,CENTER (BLACK)
Option:
PANEL,CENTER (BLACK)
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94421-19C01-33J SKU: 03-94421-19C01-33J

- -

23 Product image: Suzuki - 02142-05127 - SCREW
Option:
SCREW
1.54 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 02142-05127 SKU: 03-02142-05127 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 02142-0512B SKU: 03-02142-0512B

Warehouse 1-4 days.

24 Product image: Suzuki - 94401-19C71-28V - DISCONTINUED
Option:
DISCONTINUED
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94401-19C71-28V SKU: 03-94401-19C71-28V Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 94401-19C72-28V SKU: 03-94401-19C72-28V

- -

24 Product image: Suzuki - 94401-19C71-36X - DISCONTINUED
Option: FOR 33J
DISCONTINUED
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94401-19C71-36X SKU: 03-94401-19C71-36X Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 94401-19C72-36X SKU: 03-94401-19C72-36X

- -

25 Product image: Suzuki - 68181-19C00-A15 - EMBLEM, KATANA
Option: FOR 28V
EMBLEM, KATANA
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 68181-19C00-A15 SKU: 03-68181-19C00-A15

- -

25 Product image: Suzuki - 68181-19C00-3YS - EMBLEM, KATANA
Option: FOR 36X
EMBLEM, KATANA
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 68181-19C00-3YS SKU: 03-68181-19C00-3YS

- -

26 Product image: Suzuki - 68182-19C10-3AU - EMBLEM, 600
Option: FOR 28V
EMBLEM, 600
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 68182-19C10-3AU SKU: 03-68182-19C10-3AU

- -

26 Product image: Suzuki - 68182-19C10-3YT - EMBLEM, 600
Option: FOR 36X
EMBLEM, 600
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 68182-19C10-3YT SKU: 03-68182-19C10-3YT

- -

27 Product image: Suzuki - 68180-19C30-0PM - TAPE SET, RH
Option: FOR 28V
TAPE SET, RH
54.52 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 68180-19C30-0PM SKU: 03-68180-19C30-0PM

Warehouse 1-4 days.

27 Product image: Suzuki - 68180-19C30-0PN - TAPE SET, RH
Option: FOR 36X
TAPE SET, RH
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 68180-19C30-0PN SKU: 03-68180-19C30-0PN

- -

28 Product image: Suzuki - 94631-19C10 - DISCONTINUED
Option:
DISCONTINUED
10.26 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94631-19C10 SKU: 03-94631-19C10 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 94631-49310 SKU: 03-94631-49310

Warehouse 1-4 days.

29 Product image: Suzuki - 94635-19C00 - MOLDING, BREATHER TUBE
Option:
MOLDING, BREATHER TUBE
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94635-19C00 SKU: 03-94635-19C00

- -

30 Product image: Suzuki - 94438-19C00 - JOINT
Option:
JOINT
6.63 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94438-19C00 SKU: 03-94438-19C00

Warehouse 1-4 days.

31 Product image: Suzuki - 94435-19C01-28V - LID,OIL (RED)
Option:
LID,OIL (RED)
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94435-19C01-28V SKU: 03-94435-19C01-28V

- -

31 Product image: Suzuki - 94435-19C01-33J - LID,OIL (BLACK)        FOR 3CH
Option:
LID,OIL (BLACK) FOR 3CH
23.78 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94435-19C01-33J SKU: 03-94435-19C01-33J

Warehouse 1-3 days.

32 Product image: Suzuki - 09139-06030 - SCREW
Option:
SCREW
3.27 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09139-06030 SKU: 03-09139-06030

Warehouse 1-3 days.

33 Product image: Suzuki - 94402-19C71-28V - DISCONTINUED
Option:
DISCONTINUED
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94402-19C71-28V SKU: 03-94402-19C71-28V

- -

33 Product image: Suzuki - 94402-19C71-36X - DISCONTINUED
Option: FOR 33J
DISCONTINUED
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94402-19C71-36X SKU: 03-94402-19C71-36X Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 94402-19C72-36X SKU: 03-94402-19C72-36X

- -

34 Product image: Suzuki - 68181-19C00-A15 - EMBLEM, KATANA
Option: FOR 28V
EMBLEM, KATANA
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 68181-19C00-A15 SKU: 03-68181-19C00-A15

- -

34 Product image: Suzuki - 68181-19C00-3YS - EMBLEM, KATANA
Option: FOR 36X
EMBLEM, KATANA
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 68181-19C00-3YS SKU: 03-68181-19C00-3YS

- -

35 Product image: Suzuki - 68182-19C10-3AU - EMBLEM, 600
Option: FOR 28V
EMBLEM, 600
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 68182-19C10-3AU SKU: 03-68182-19C10-3AU

- -

35 Product image: Suzuki - 68182-19C10-3YT - EMBLEM, 600
Option: FOR 36X
EMBLEM, 600
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 68182-19C10-3YT SKU: 03-68182-19C10-3YT

- -

36 Product image: Suzuki - 68190-19C30-0PM - TAPE SET, LH
Option: FOR 28V
TAPE SET, LH
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 68190-19C30-0PM SKU: 03-68190-19C30-0PM

- -

36 Product image: Suzuki - 68190-19C30-0PN - TAPE SET, LH
Option: FOR 36X
TAPE SET, LH
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 68190-19C30-0PN SKU: 03-68190-19C30-0PN

- -

37 Product image: Suzuki - 94631-19C10 - DISCONTINUED
Option:
DISCONTINUED
10.26 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94631-19C10 SKU: 03-94631-19C10 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 94631-49310 SKU: 03-94631-49310

Warehouse 1-4 days.

38 Product image: Suzuki - 94635-19C00 - MOLDING, BREATHER TUBE
Option:
MOLDING, BREATHER TUBE
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94635-19C00 SKU: 03-94635-19C00

- -

39 Product image: Suzuki - 94438-19C00 - JOINT
Option:
JOINT
6.63 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94438-19C00 SKU: 03-94438-19C00

Warehouse 1-4 days.

40 Product image: Suzuki - 09139-06029 - SCREW
Option:
SCREW
4.83 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09139-06029 SKU: 03-09139-06029

Warehouse 1-3 days.

41 Product image: Suzuki - 09160-06036 - WASHER (6.5*18*1.5)
Option:
WASHER (6.5*18*1.5)
1.67 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09160-06036 SKU: 03-09160-06036 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 09160-06019 SKU: 03-09160-06019

Warehouse 1-3 days.

42 Product image: Suzuki - 09139-06030 - SCREW
Option:
SCREW
3.27 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09139-06030 SKU: 03-09139-06030

Warehouse 1-3 days.

43 Product image: Suzuki - 09161-06021 - WASHER
Option:
WASHER
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 09161-06021 SKU: 03-09161-06021 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 09161-06021-LCP SKU: 03-09161-06021-LCP

- -

44 Product image: Suzuki - 94560-19C00 - BRACKET, UPPER RH
Option:
BRACKET, UPPER RH
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94560-19C00 SKU: 03-94560-19C00

- -

45 Product image: Suzuki - 94570-19C00 - BRACKET, UPPER LH
Option:
BRACKET, UPPER LH
6.07 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94570-19C00 SKU: 03-94570-19C00

Warehouse 1-4 days.

46 Product image: Suzuki - 09125-06055 - SCREW
Option:
SCREW
3.41 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09125-06055 SKU: 03-09125-06055

Warehouse 1-3 days.

47 Product image: Suzuki - 94573-19C00 - NUT
Option:
NUT
6.53 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94573-19C00 SKU: 03-94573-19C00

Warehouse 1-4 days.

48 Product image: Suzuki - 09139-06029 - SCREW
Option:
SCREW
4.83 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09139-06029 SKU: 03-09139-06029

Warehouse 1-3 days.

49 Product image: Suzuki - 09160-06036 - WASHER (6.5*18*1.5)
Option:
WASHER (6.5*18*1.5)
1.67 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09160-06036 SKU: 03-09160-06036 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 09160-06019 SKU: 03-09160-06019

Warehouse 1-3 days.

50 Product image: Suzuki - 09180-06011 - SPACER 6.1X9X9
Option:
SPACER 6.1X9X9
1.63 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09180-06011 SKU: 03-09180-06011 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 09180-06283 SKU: 03-09180-06283

Warehouse 1-3 days.

51 Product image: Suzuki - 09320-09016 - CUSHION(9X18X9.5)
Option:
CUSHION(9X18X9.5)
1.86 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09320-09016 SKU: 03-09320-09016

Warehouse 1-3 days.

52 Product image: Suzuki - 94471-19C00-28V - COVER,UNDER RH (RED)
Option:
COVER,UNDER RH (RED)
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94471-19C00-28V SKU: 03-94471-19C00-28V

- -

52 Product image: Suzuki - 94471-19C00-33J - COVER,UNDER RH (BLACK)
Option:
COVER,UNDER RH (BLACK)
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94471-19C00-33J SKU: 03-94471-19C00-33J

- -

53 Product image: Suzuki - 94481-19C00-33J - COVER,UNDER LH (BLACK)
Option:
COVER,UNDER LH (BLACK)
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94481-19C00-33J SKU: 03-94481-19C00-33J

- -

53 Product image: Suzuki - 94481-19C00-28V - COVER,UNDER LH (RED)
Option:
COVER,UNDER LH (RED)
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94481-19C00-28V SKU: 03-94481-19C00-28V Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 94481-19C00 SKU: 03-94481-19C00

- -

54 Product image: Suzuki - 09139-06042 - SCREW
Option:
SCREW
6.21 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09139-06042 SKU: 03-09139-06042

Warehouse 1-4 days.

55 Product image: Suzuki - 09160-06036 - WASHER (6.5*18*1.5)
Option:
WASHER (6.5*18*1.5)
1.67 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09160-06036 SKU: 03-09160-06036 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 09160-06019 SKU: 03-09160-06019

Warehouse 1-3 days.

56 Product image: Suzuki - 94531-19C00 - BRACKET, UNDER,RH
Option:
BRACKET, UNDER,RH
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94531-19C00 SKU: 03-94531-19C00

- -

57 Product image: Suzuki - 94532-19C00 - BRACKET, UNDER,LH
Option:
BRACKET, UNDER,LH
5.83 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94532-19C00 SKU: 03-94532-19C00

Warehouse 1-4 days.

58 Product image: Suzuki - 09320-10015 - CUSHION
Option:
CUSHION
2.63 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09320-10015 SKU: 03-09320-10015

Warehouse 1-3 days.

59 Product image: Suzuki - 94590-19C00 - NUT
Option:
NUT
5.83 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94590-19C00 SKU: 03-94590-19C00

Warehouse 1-4 days.

60 Product image: Suzuki - 01137-06165 - DISCONTINUED
Option:
DISCONTINUED
2.38 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 01137-06165 SKU: 03-01137-06165 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 01570-0616A SKU: 03-01570-0616A

Warehouse 1-3 days.

61 Product image: Suzuki - 09139-05025 - SCREW
Option:
SCREW
1.54 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09139-05025 SKU: 03-09139-05025

Warehouse 1-3 days.

62 Product image: Suzuki - 09161-05017 - WASHER
Option:
WASHER
3.27 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09161-05017 SKU: 03-09161-05017

Warehouse 1-3 days.

63 Product image: Suzuki - 94484-32B00 - NUT, PLATE
Option:
NUT, PLATE
3.50 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94484-32B00 SKU: 03-94484-32B00 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 94484-24F00 SKU: 03-94484-24F00

Warehouse 1-3 days.

64 Product image: Suzuki - 09139-06029 - SCREW
Option:
SCREW
4.83 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09139-06029 SKU: 03-09139-06029

Warehouse 1-3 days.

65 Product image: Suzuki - 09160-06036 - WASHER (6.5*18*1.5)
Option:
WASHER (6.5*18*1.5)
1.67 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09160-06036 SKU: 03-09160-06036 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 09160-06019 SKU: 03-09160-06019

Warehouse 1-3 days.

66 Product image: Suzuki - 09180-06097 - SPACER
Option:
SPACER
4.67 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09180-06097 SKU: 03-09180-06097

Warehouse 1-3 days.

67 Product image: Suzuki - 09320-09016 - CUSHION(9X18X9.5)
Option:
CUSHION(9X18X9.5)
1.86 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09320-09016 SKU: 03-09320-09016

Warehouse 1-3 days.

68 Product image: Suzuki - 09136-06081 - SCREW 6X20
Option:
SCREW 6X20
2.12 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09136-06081 SKU: 03-09136-06081

Warehouse 1-4 days.

69 Product image: Suzuki - 09180-06011 - SPACER 6.1X9X9
Option:
SPACER 6.1X9X9
1.63 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09180-06011 SKU: 03-09180-06011 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 09180-06283 SKU: 03-09180-06283

Warehouse 1-3 days.

70 Product image: Suzuki - 09320-09016 - CUSHION(9X18X9.5)
Option:
CUSHION(9X18X9.5)
1.86 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09320-09016 SKU: 03-09320-09016

Warehouse 1-3 days.

71 Product image: Suzuki - 02142-15165 - DISCONTINUED
Option:
DISCONTINUED
1.78 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 02142-15165 SKU: 03-02142-15165 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 02142-0516B SKU: 03-02142-0516B

Warehouse 1-3 days.

72 Product image: Suzuki - 94580-19C00 - BRACKET, LOWER
Option:
BRACKET, LOWER
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94580-19C00 SKU: 03-94580-19C00

- -

73 Product image: Suzuki - 02142-05164 - DISCONTINUED
Option:
DISCONTINUED
1.78 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 02142-05164 SKU: 03-02142-05164 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 02142-0516B SKU: 03-02142-0516B

Warehouse 1-3 days.

74 Product image: Suzuki - 09161-05017 - WASHER
Option:
WASHER
3.27 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 09161-05017 SKU: 03-09161-05017

Warehouse 1-3 days.

75 Product image: Suzuki - 94484-32B00 - NUT, PLATE
Option:
NUT, PLATE
3.50 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 94484-32B00 SKU: 03-94484-32B00 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 94484-24F00 SKU: 03-94484-24F00

Warehouse 1-3 days.

76 Product image: Suzuki - 94475-19C01 - COVER, COWL UNDER FR (BLACK)
Option:
COVER, COWL UNDER FR (BLACK)
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 94475-19C01 SKU: 03-94475-19C01

- -

77 Product image: Suzuki - 68612-48B10 - LABEL, SCREEN (FRENCH)
Option:
LABEL, SCREEN (FRENCH)
7.54 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 68612-48B10 SKU: 03-68612-48B10 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 68922-14F31 SKU: 03-68922-14F31

Warehouse 1-3 days.

77 Product image: Suzuki - 68612-48B00 - LABEL, SCREEN (ENGLISH)
Option:
LABEL, SCREEN (ENGLISH)
7.54 Incl VAT
Suzuki OEM: 68612-48B00 SKU: 03-68612-48B00 Superseded
Suzuki OEM: 68922-14F01 SKU: 03-68922-14F01

Warehouse 1-3 days.

78 Product image: Suzuki - 68319-40C10 - DISCONTINUED
Option:
DISCONTINUED
Product unavailable
Suzuki OEM: 68319-40C10 SKU: 03-68319-40C10

- -

gears

Why choose OEM Motorparts?

  • Easy online ordering
  • All your spare parts from one supplier
  • Shipped and Packed Professionally

Multiple payment options

We offer several payment options. Pay safely and securely with the payment method you are used to.

payment-methods